History of the Danforth Art Museum and School

Photograph of a two story brick building at a slight angle. The windows and door are framed in white. The roof has tall brick fireplace in a rectangle on the far right, white fencing, and a cupola with a green roof in the center. There is a long green lawn and a bright blue sky.

The Founding of a New Museum and School

In the fall of 1973, Paul Marks, a local business man and fine arts enthusiast, gathered a group of people in his living room in Framingham, Massachusetts. The reason for this gathering was to discuss the possibility of opening a museum and cultural institution in Framingham. There were several museums in Boston, but nothing nearby that could provide local residents the opportunity to view, study, and learn about art. In addition, the group wanted to include an art school, again with the aim to provide local residents of all ages with the opportunity to make and learn about art and its many mediums. With no major benefactors found in the early stages of planning, the group remained determined to bring this cultural opportunity to Framingham.

The first of several major contributions came from Framingham State College, now Framingham State University. Justin McCarthy, President of Framingham State College, was one of the original founders and contributed to the college being an underwriting partner. The Town of Framingham followed, supporting the Danforth by providing the former Farley Middle School building on 123 Union Avenue as the potential home for the project. Built in 1909 by Boston architect Charles M. Baker, the Museum and Art School would occupy the first and second floors while the Town utilized the third floor of the building for various needs like a community center, offices, and a town hall.

1970s black and white photograph of a two men seated in arm chairs. The man on the left is in active discussion with someone off view.

1970s black and white photograph of a group of people at a long table with many papers in front of them. The focus is on three women on the far side of the table, two men sit opposite seen from behind.

1970s black and white photograph of a three story building. There is a flag pole out front and a row of old 1960s and 1970s cars parking in front of the building.

With the Union Avenue location secured for the Danforth, the next step was to renovate the first and second floors to accommodate a museum and school. The first event that the Danforth hosted was an art class held in the basement of that building. To the surprise of the organizers, fifty-six students showed up to the first class, taught by current Danforth art instructor, Nan Hass Feldman. Until the renovations to the other floors were complete, classes at the Art School took place in the building’s basement, which later became a series of ceramics studios.

Two years of hard work resulted in the Danforth Museum of Art opening its doors in May 1975. The community pulled together, with local benefactors donating artwork to begin a collection. Local museums aided the opening exhibitions, including the Worcester Art Museum and Boston Museum of Fine Arts, by providing loans of artwork.

Black and white photograph from 1975 of a large group of people on steps leading into a doorway to a building. There is a poster being held on the steps by two kids.

Why the name Danforth?

Originally known as “Danforth’s Farm” (as seen on the seal of Framingham), the name “Framingham” is an homage to the birthplace of Thomas Danforth. The Danforth Art Museum and School is named to recognize the land once owned by Thomas Danforth that now makes up a majority of Framingham, Massachusetts. Though the Museum and Art School do not have any direct relation to the Danforth family, the name was chosen by the founders to pay respect to the city that would become its home. Thomas Danforth immigrated from Framingham, Suffolk, England in 1634 at 11 years old with his father and siblings. His and his family’s growing prominence in the Massachusetts Bay Colony allowed him to accumulate wealth and status. In 1660 he began acquiring grants of land, amassing 15,000 acres west of Boston by the time of his death in 1699.

Danforth’s accrual of land, however, came at the expense of the homeland of the Nipmuc tribe who, like many other Indigenous Peoples, were imprisoned and forcefully removed from their homeland. The Danforth recognizes and honors that the land we live, work, learn, and commune on is the original homeland of the Nipmuc people.

The Danforth increasingly became an organization of interdependent parts that offered exhibitions and education to visitors that actively engaged and transformed their experiences."

For three decades, the Danforth Museum of Art and Art School succeeded in its mission. The Museum’s exhibitions and growing collection spanned the history of art from early Dutch paintings to Cassatt prints, Hogarth engravings, British ceramics, Muybridge photographs, and German Expressionism, to name a few. Local professional artists were highlighted throughout these decades with solo and group exhibitions. Student and faculty artwork from local universities and colleges also graced the gallery walls during this period, along with work from groups such as the Boston Printmakers. The Annual Juried Exhibition and the New England Photography Biennial were particular favorites. The Danforth Art School provided a variety of art classes, scholarships, and lessons to thousands of children, teens, and adults every year.

The downtown location allowed access to a cultural institution for Framingham residents and others in surrounding communities who may not have considered visiting a museum or taking an art class before. In its early days, the school offered a wide scope of classes including design, art history, art education, performance art, calligraphy, ceramics, weaving, jewelry making, bookmaking, photography, sculpture, printmaking, painting, drawing, as well as organizing bus trips to other art museums, hosting movies, lectures, demonstrations, and art sales. Classes were always community orientated and celebrated the work of students and instructors alike. Over time, the school focused more on foundational study in traditional media while adding special programming and workshops relating directly to museum exhibitions.

1970s black and white photograph of adult students standing around a table. On the far right is a man, seated at the table holding a drawing demonstration.

1970s photograph of a man, kneeling at a table with sculpting materials on it, and a woman in a long white smock handling a sculpture piece.

1970s black and white photograph of two older women looking at a 20th century painting hanging on a wall. One woman is reaching towards the painting, pointing out a detail on the figure's face.

A New Home, A New Partnership

The 1909 building the Danforth Museum and School had occupied since its opening was showing signs of disrepair for years, largely due to delayed maintenance. Knowing the building was reaching a point where it could not be salvaged, the Danforth purchased the Jonathan Maynard Building in 2013 with plans to renovate and move into the space by 2022. However, an inspection in 2016 resulted in a failure rating of the buildings boiler and an immediate eviction notice from the Town (now City) of Framingham. The Danforth had six months to vacate the building, but the Maynard Building was not anywhere near ready to inhabit, and was being leased to FSU at the time. Emergency funds were raised through fundraising efforts and major donors to relocate the reduced staff and collection to a temporary building. The Maynard Building’s third floor was renovated for the Art School with five large studies and new equipment where classes resumed in the winter of 2017. The next two years focused on renovating the second floor for the museum and storage.

The sudden eviction from Union Avenue left the Danforth with a growing and unsustainable financial burden. The connection between the Danforth and Framingham State University, going back to the Danforth’s founding, made it a natural fit for a more formal affiliation. Talks began in 2016 between the Danforth and Framingham State University representatives, knowing that if this merger went through they would be the first state university with an art museum. After town meetings and intensive discussions regarding the merger and the use of the Maynard Building, the Danforth became a part of Framingham State University in April 2018, and renovations began again, this time on the first and second floor for university studio space and museum galleries and storage. Due to construction, the school underwent a temporary move to the campus proper of Framingham State University, where the school was able to continue holding classes for one year. In April 2019, the Danforth Art Museum reopened to the public with brand new exhibition spaces including one permanently dedicated to Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller.

The Jonathan Maynard Building

The Jonathan Maynard Building, built in 1915 as an elementary school, was known as the Jonathan Maynard School. Jonathan Maynard was born in 1752 in Framingham Massachusetts. After attending Harvard University, he joined the fight for American independence, fighting at Bunker Hill before being sent to upstate New York where he fought at the battles at Stillwater and Saratoga. After the American Revolution he settled in Framingham on Pleasant Street (the area is now known as the Jonathan Maynard Historic District) and began a life of public service. He was a justice of the peace, selectman, Framingham’s first postmaster, state representative, and state senator.

The Maynard Building was designed by architect Charles M. Baker. Baker was a Framingham native who designed buildings across New England. He favored colonial revival style, designing several school buildings (including the Danforth’s old building) utilizing brick exteriors, symmetry, and large doors and windows. For the Maynard Building, Baker found inspiration from Independence Hall in Philadelphia.

After the closure of the Jonathan Maynard School in the 1970s, Framingham sold the building in the 1980s and it became a space for local and state offices and known as the Jonathan Maynard Office building. By 2010 the building was once again vacant until it was purchased by the Danforth Art Museum in 2013. The building officially became a part of FSU’s campus in 2018.